burnetii but, the season, sex, and breed of the horse had no effect on the prevalence of disease. According to the present study, the age of the animal can be considered as an important risk factor for the prevalence of C. The QpH1 and QpRS plasmid-specific sequences were identified in 19 (73.07%) and none in the serum samples, respectively. In total, 26 (8.13%) Q fever-positive samples based on containing the IS1111 gene were tested by nested-PCR approach to amplify QpH1 and QpDG plasmid segments. Nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were performed on 320 blood serum samples drawn from horses in West Azerbaijan province, Iran, in 2020. burnetii QpH1 and QpDG plasmids in horses and assess the potential role of these species as reservoirs of infection and transmission. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of C. The correlation between an isolated plasmid type and the chronic or acute nature of the disease has always been controversial. burnetii strains suggest a critical role in C. Most of the isolates found carry plasmids which genetic studies of C. Q fever is a worldwide zoonosis caused by an obligate intra-cellular pathogen called Coxiella burnetii affecting a broad range of animal hosts including horses. It was determined that feeding with the HFCD has a negative effect on SST secretion in rats and hence, this may have important areas of use such as in gastric cancer treatment and preventing complications linked to gastric diseases. The rats gastric tissue in control group had more intense somatostatin (SST) immunoreactivity in parietal and chief cells than the HFCD group. Rats fed with HFCD had statistically significant increases in live weight and total cholesterol values, and were identified to have gastric tissue degeneration. Hematoxylin and Eosin and Crossman’s triple staining techniques were used to investigate the general structure of gastric tissue. Before beginning the study and at the end, rats live weight was recorded and their blood samples were taken for biochemical analyses. For 10 weeks, rats in a high-fat with cholesterol diet group had daily energy amounts provided by pellet feed mixed with 65.00% butter and 2.00% cholesterol. Rats in the control group had no implementations other than normal feeding. In the study, a total of 16 (40-day-old Sprague Dawley) male rats were used and randomly divided into two groups (each consisted of eight rats). This study aimed to investigate the effects of a high-fat and cholesterol diet (HFCD) on rats gastric mucosa. It could be concluded that exposure to tobacco smoke in cats impaired the oxidant/antioxidant balance and potentially triggered the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Blood reticulocyte number, serum creatinine and glucose were higher in ETS group. In ETS group INF-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, and IL-6 levels were higher. Serum cotinine, TOS, OSI, PCO, AOPP and LOOH levels were higher, whereas TAS and Cu, Zn-SOD levels were lower in ETS group. Hematological and biochemical parameters were also measured. Blood levels of cotinine, total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH), protein carbonyl (PCO), advanced oxidative protein products (AOPP), total antioxidant status (TAS), copper, zinc-superoxide dismutase (Cu, Zn-SOD), catalase (CAT), total thiol (T-SH), interferon gamma (INF-γ), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin 2 (IL-2) and iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), selenium (Se) levels were measured. Cats were divided in two groups: Exposed to tobacco smoke (ETS n = 20) and non-exposed to tobacco smoke (NETS n = 20). Forty healthy cats were included in this study. This study was aimed to assess oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines and some trace elements in healthy pet cats exposed to environmental tobacco smoke.
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